Posts filed under 'Computing'
December 19th, 2006
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is simply the transmission of voice traffic over IP-based networks.
The Internet Protocol (IP) was originally designed for data networking. The success of IP in becoming a world standard for data networking has led to its adaption to voice networking.
The Economics of VoIP :
VoIP has become popular largely because of the cost advantages to consumers over traditional telepone networks. Most Americans pay a flat monthly fee for local telephone calls and a per-minute charge for long-distance calls.
VoIP calls can be placed across the Internet. Most Internet connections are charged using a flat monthly fee structure.
Using the Internet connection for both data traffic and voice calls can allow consumers to get rid of one monthly payment. In addition, VoIP plans do not charge a per-minute fee for long distance.
For International calling, the monetary savings to the consumer from switching to VoIP technology can be enormous.
VoIP phones and VoIP telephony solutions :
There are three methods of connecting to a VoIP network:
- Using a VoIP telephone
- Using a “normal” telephone with a VoIP adapter
- Using a computer with speakers and a microphone
Types of VoIP Calls :
VoIP telephone calls can be placed either to other VoIP devices, or to normal telephones on the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network).
Calls from a VoIP device to a PSTN device are commonly called “PC-to-Phone” calls, even though the VoIP device may not be a PC.
Calls from a VoIP device to another VoIP device are commonly called “PC-to-PC” calls, even though neither device may be a PC.
October 24th, 2006
Parents who want to wipe pirated music from their children’s PCs and companies that want to see if their employees are using file-sharing software at the office can use a free program developed by the global music and movie trade groups as part of their ongoing campaign to stop piracy.
Digital File Check, the software developed by the Danish arm of the International Federation for the Phonographic Industry and made available on the Internet on Thursday, is designed to “help people clean up their computers,” the London-based federation said.DFC searches a personal computer for any of 198 versions of Internet file-sharing software such as Kazaa, eDonkey and WinMX and allows the user to either restrict their use by a password or delete them.A separate function looks first in special “sharing” folders and then through the whole PC for film and music files that “are likely to be” pirated, the group said, but could also very well be legitimate music or files that have no explicit copyright.
“I think this is something that people will welcome who are not computer-literate,” said John Kennedy, federation chairman. “We hope this helps them move checking out their computer further up on the to-do list.”
The free download is available on the industry groups’ international sites, but the effort may also be rolled out separately later in the United States, the group said.
Technically, the software only searches a PC for certain file names and extensions that identify whether it is likely to be a media file and does not examine the contents of the files. But the simple design of Digital File Check makes it more likely to be used than a manual search, which requires knowledge of those various file types, Kennedy said.
A notice in DFC acknowledges to the user that file-sharing software is not illegal. But it notes that “mostly all file-sharing activity is illegal because it involves copying and distributing copyrighted material online without permission from the copyright holders.”
Tobias Andersson, a spokesman for Piratbyran, a grass roots, anti-copyright organization in Sweden, dismissed the effort as “naive.”
“There may be one or two parents who will mess things up for their kids,” Andersson said. “But I don’t see that too many people will use it.”
Noting that “parents download from file-sharing sites too,” Andersson said that he doubted the move would “do harm to the pirate community.”
Pirated files, generally shared by so-called peer-to-peer networks, are largely blamed for a steady decline in music sales over the past four years.
Adrian Strain, spokesman for the IFPI, said Digital File Check is a passive tool - educational and informational - and does not require the user to actually delete anything on the PC.
The software also does not look for commercial applications that may be counterfeited or pirated, though Kennedy said that function could be added later.
Digital File Check also does not communicate its findings with the IFPI or any other party, Strain said. Its Internet connection is only for updating the versions of file-sharing software.
The release of the software on Thursday was the first against piracy that joined both the music lobbyists and their movie counterparts, the Motion Picture Association.
Kennedy, whose oldest child is 15 years old, said he used Digital File Check on his own computer. “It came out clean, I’m glad to say,” he added.
September 25th, 2005
Computer memory is called Random Access Memory (RAM). The information stored in RAM can be accessed randomly, rather than sequentially. This means that data can be found in any location at the same rate of speed. Other storage media, such as CD-Rom and hard drives, must wait while the drive spins to the correct location before the data can be accessed.
Computer memory is simply a storage area for the program code and the data that program uses. Computer programs use RAM to write and retrieve information, allowing for fast data retrieval and manipulation.
How Much RAM is Enough?
Simply stated, the answer is, as much as possible. Keep in mind, though, once you’ve reached a certain upper limit, which is determined by the computer program(s) used, investment in more memory will see a diminished return.
Adding more memory is one of the best ways to maximize computer performance. If you compare 2 identical computer systems, the one with the most memory will over-all be the faster. More RAM allows the computer to place more program instructions into memory, relying less on the slower hard drive.
Think of 512 Megabytes (MB) as the base standard for a modern computer. With that you can multi-task (run several applications concurrently). For instance, you can check email and download MP3s, without noticeable sluggishness.
Some applications, however, are more memory-hungry than others. Graphics programs, for example, are notoriously greedy. Memory needs are further exagerated by the operating system used. Microsoft Windows is far more demanding than, say, Linux. Currently, most PCs use Windows, though.
Should you notice your computer slowing down, consider adding more memory. Before committing to that option, however, try de-fragmenting your hard drive with a utility (program) designed for that sole purpose. A fragmented hard drive is a common cause of stalled computer performance.
Types of RAM
Right now DDR SDRAM is the most popular memory module. DDR stands for Double Data Rate, which means that the memory can be accessed twice per clock-cycle. SDRAM, the acronym for Synchronous Data Random Access Memory, has been the standard for memory modules for nearly a decade.
To add memory to your computer, you must install modules with the correct contact layout. Before purchasing new memory, you must know which type your motherboard will accept. The most common form factors are 168 pin, 184 pin and 200 pin.
You’ll also need to know whether there are slots available on your motherboard. If all the slots are already in use, you’ll have to replace 1 or all of the current modules with higher capacity ones. If there is at least 1 free slot, you can simply buy a new memory module and insert it in the empty slot.
A word of caution: whereas some motherboards can accept either SDRAM or DDR SDRAM, the 2 types cannot be mixed. You must decide on 1 or the other. Check the motherboard manual first to determine which kind of memory your computer requires.
And finally, when you are ready to install your brand new memory module, make sure of 2 things: the power is off (for your safety) and you are electrically grounded (for your computer’s safety).
September 15th, 2005
As broadband Internet becomes more mainstream, one of the most common questions we get is: which is better, cable or DSL?
The answer to that question is not so definite. Many factors come into play when deciding which high-speed connection to choose. Regardless of which you choose (DSL, Cable, or even Satellite) it’s going to be a ton better (and faster) than that ancient dialup modem you’ve been using. Not to mention, your Internet experience will be much more enjoyable.
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
Just like your existing dialup modem, DSL uses your existing copper wire phone line to deliver data at high speed. To qualify for DSL, you need the following:
- a phone line
- a DSL modem (which normally comes with the service)
- an Ethernet card or an available USB port ( most DSL modems allow both connections, but Ethernet is recommended).
- a phone company (ISP) that is offering DSL service (e.g., Verizon)
One important factor that will influence your DSL connection is the distance between your home or office and the phone company’s central office. The farther away you are from the central office, the signal becomes weaker, thus a slower connection. With that said, DSL is not as available widespread compared to cable. You’ll need to contact your local phone provider to check availability.
Speed wise, depending on the package you choose, DSL can range from 128 kbps to 3 Mbps. Generally, the faster your connection the more expensive your service will be. You can expect to pay around $25-$30 a month for a 1Mbps connection, which is roughly 20 times faster than a 56k dialup modem.
Pros
Relatively cheaper than cable
Dedicated line, so speeds are almost guaranteed
You can talk on the phone at the same time while surfing the net
Cons
Slower speeds compared to cable
Speeds drop the farther away your home/office is from the central office
Not available in all areas
Cable Internet
Cable Internet gets our recommendation. Cable, which you can probably already tell, uses the coaxial cable that your television uses. To qualify for cable internet, you need the following:
a cable modem ( which normally comes with the service)
an Ethernet card or an available USB port (most cable modems allow both connections, but Ethernet is recommended)
a cable company offering cable Internet (e.g., Adelphia)
Unlike DSL, cable Internet does not depend on the distance between your home or office and the central office. However, unlike DSL, cable connections are typically shared among your neighbors. Although, most cable companies provide pipelines with huge bandwidth that this rarely becomes an issue.
Speed wise, cable Internet typically ranges from 3 Mbps to 10 Mbps, up to 3-4 times faster than DSL. However, expect to pay more for the service - $40-$50 per month.
Pros
Faster speeds than DSL
More widespread than DSL
Distance does not affect speed
Cons
More expensive than DSL
Line is shared with other users
With all that said, you need to think about what type of user you are. If you are a heavy Internet user and downloader, you would highly benefit from a broadband connection. For the light users who use the Internet just to check emails, are probably better off with a dialup. However, if you are willing to splurge some cash on a broadband connection, then by all means, upgrade!
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